6^th Molecular Biology Webinar

Molecular biology issues the molecular basis of biological activity between the varied systems of a cell, as well as the interactions between the various varieties of DNA, RNA and proteins and their biosynthesis, and studies however these interactions are regulated. Its several applications like in gene finding, molecular mechanisms of diseases and its therapeutic approaches by cloning, expression and regulation of gene. Analysis space includes gene expression, epigenetics and chromatin granule structure and performance, RNA process, functions of non-coding RNAs, transcription. Nowadays, most advanced researches are occurring these topics: molecular biology, deoxyribonucleic acid replication (DNA), repair and recombination, Transcription, RNA processing, Post-translational modification, proteomics, Mutation, Site-directed mutagenesis, Epigenetics, chromatin granule structure and performance, Molecular mechanisms of diseases.

Molecular cloning

One of the most primary techniques of molecular biology to study protein feature is molecular cloning. On this approach, DNA coding for a protein of interest is cloned the usage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and/or restriction enzymes right into a plasmid (expression vector). A vector has three distinctive functions: a beginning of replication, a multiple cloning site (MCS), and a selective marker usually antibiotic resistance. Positioned upstream of the more than one cloning site are the promoter areas and the transcription start site which adjust the expression of cloned gene. This plasmid may be inserted into both bacterial and animal cells. Introducing DNA into bacterial cells may be executed by means of transformation via uptake of bare DNA, conjugation through cell-cell contact or by way of transduction through viral vector. Introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells, along with animal cells, by bodily or chemical manner is called transfection. Several exceptional transfection techniques are available, consisting of calcium phosphate transfection, electroporation, microinjection and liposome transfection. The plasmid can be included into the genome, ensuing in a stable transfection, or may stay unbiased of the genome, referred to as transient transfection.

Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very versatile technique for copying DNA. In brief, PCR permits a specific DNA sequence to be copied or modified in predetermined ways. The reaction is extremely effective and under ideal conditions could expand one DNA molecule to grow to be 1.07 billion molecules in much less than two hours. The PCR technique may be used to introduce limit enzyme sites to ends of DNA molecules, or to mutate precise bases of DNA, the latter is a way called site-directed mutagenesis. PCR can also be used to determine whether a selected DNA fragment is determined in a cDNA library. PCR has many variations, like reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for amplification of RNA, and, more recently, quantitative PCR which permit for quantitative dimension of DNA or RNA molecules.

Macromolecule blotting and probing

The terms northern, western and eastern blotting are derived from what to begin with became a molecular biology joke that played on the term Southern blotting, after the approach defined with the aid of Edwin Southern for the hybridization of blotted DNA. Patricia Thomas, developer of the RNA blot which then has become called the northern blot, actually did not use the term.

Cell and molecular biology is a knowledge base field of science that deals with the fields of chemistry, structure and biology because it seeks to know life and cellular processes at the molecular level. Molecular cell biology primarily focuses on the determination of cell fate and differentiation, growth regulation of cell, Cell adhesion and movement, intracellular trafficking. The connection of signaling to cellular growth and death, transcriptional regulation, mitosis, cellular differentiation and organogenesis, cell adhesion, motility and chemo taxis are additional more topics below Cellular and molecular biology. Molecular biology explores cells, their characteristics, parts, and chemical processes, and pays special attention to how molecules control a cell’s activities and growth. The molecular elements form up biochemical pathways that give the cells with energy, facilitate process “messages” from outside the cell itself, generate new proteins, and replicate the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid genome. to know the behavior of cells, it's necessary to add to the molecular level of description an understanding on the amount of systems biology.

Structural biochemistry is a sub-division of biochemistry that primarily focuses on the structural characteristics of the molecules within cells and other created of living organisms. The most area is targeted on structural basis of basic biological processes. It involves the study of the structure of macro molecules. It includes methods for structure determination and huge information of structural data. Few of the tools are used to study some category of structures like membrane, regulatory proteins, and structural proteins. These structural macromolecules can give the framework for discussion on domains, motifs, structural similarity, etc., in addition as addressing on how specific biological issues will be resolved at the atomic level. A significant branch of biochemistry deals with the many aspects of macromolecules at the structural and useful levels. It in addition deals with the interactions amongst all totally different cell components as well as macromolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates. Molecular biochemistry has huge wide to capture the array of chemistry, physics, medicine and biology. It’s one of the foremost necessary aspects of molecular biology to find the chemical properties of the molecules. The processes that occur within the cell area unit answerable for their structure, reproduction and response to stimuli.

Molecular enzymology is designing and synthesis of enzymes and high unmet medical needs based on innovative drug targets. The work of planning and synthesis of enzymes and high unmet medical designing are based on innovative drug targets. Molecular Enzymology's interest include altogether aspects related to enzymes like discovery of enzymes, enzyme structure, enzyme mechanisms, cellular and metabolic functions of enzymes, exploitation of enzymes for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications, drug discovery, biochemical aspects of enzymes, bioinformatics, computational analysis, molecular modeling studies, new ways in which an enzyme expression and purification, bio catalysis, bio molecular engineering, enzyme kinetics and inhibitors.